Annotated Bibliography

1.
AnJuan. "Bridging the Digital Divide in Africa." Black Web 2.0. 3 Nov. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. .
This article mainly focuses on the ways in which Africa is attempting to bride the digital divide. It states that they plan on expanding broadband penetration along with creating services that support the African people in becoming more connected. It also explains how the African government is going to accomplish these tasks.

2.
Mutume, Gumisai. "Africa Takes on the Digital Divide: New Information Technologies Change the Lives of Those in Reach." Africa Renewal. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. .

In this article, it gives you a sense of where Africa stands with the rest of the world. Explaining that Africa "has the fewest telephone lines, radios, televisions, computers, and internet users of any part of the world." Also, it explains that the digital divide is primarily due to Africa's extensive countryside. Additionally, it discussed a different way of bridging the digital divide. This mechanism of bridging the digital divide is the "digital solidarity" program. Advances that are enabled through new technologies and internet access are also discussed. For example, a South-African group of academics produced an online dictionary.

3.
Shiner, Cindy. "AllAfrica.com: Africa: Closing the Digital Divide." AllAfrica.com: Home. 16 Feb. 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. .

This article covers the challenges Africa faces when developing information and communication technology (ICT). Some challenges include poor connectivity and congested lines. There is a huge pile up in the "provision of broadband internet." This also discusses how Africa is prevailing in it's efforts to bridge the digital divide. One other topic is the things that the usage technology in Africa is helping with. For example, it helped create a CD-ROM in which provided a truing course for HIV/Aids health care providers.

4.
Kent, Daniel. "Daniel Kent: The National Digital Literacy Corps." The Huffington Post. 26 Oct. 2011. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. .

This article main;y discusses a way of bridging the digital divide in America. It states how "seniors, minorities, low-income and rural Americans" do not have as many resources or opportunities to become "digitally literate." It then discusses the "Connect to Compete" program, which helps "promote and teach digital literacy.

5.
Dyson, Lauren. "How Will Gov 2.0 Address the Digital Divide? | Code for America." Code for America | A New Kind of Public Service. 15 Feb. 2011. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. .

What the digital divide is, is described in the beginning of this article. It states that "the digital divide refers to the gap between those with access to information technology, and those with ineffective or no access." It also explains how "access" does not just pertain to those are unable to utilize the internet physically, but also to those who do not have the "skills and knowledge" required to use technology effectively. Common factors that attribute to the lack of internet usage are also discussed. Examples are income and education, along withe race. One other point is the advantage that urban residents have over rural residents. Finally it discusses the mission of "Code for America", which is to improve citizen access.

6.
Hertz, Mary Beth. "A New Understanding of the Digital Divide | Edutopia." Edutopia. 24 Oct. 2011. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. .

The beginning of this article explains what the digit divide is, and how it has expanded. It touches on other groups affected by the digital divide, like the Americans that have disabilities. Also, it explains a solution that has been provided, which is Comcast launching Internet Essentials. Internet essentials is a "low cost internet service provided for families" that receive a free school lunch.


Each of these articles listed connect to my initial proposal in basically the same way. In my digital story, I question "what is social justice and digital media"? My conclusion was when people of the world do not have the same opportunities to access the digital media tools, such as the internet, or as stated in several of the articles, information and communication technology (ICT), as other people. Mostly in my initial proposal I discussed it was mainly because these foreign countries do not have access to ICT, but upon further research I learned it also has to do with having access, but not knowing how to use such things like computers, smart phones and the internet. Both of these types of social justice and digital media are discussed throughout the articles I have found.